What are solar panels: peculiarities of work, where and how to mount them

Solar energy is inexhaustible. It is impossible to imagine all this colossal volume, when as deposits of hydrocarbons on the planet are rapidly running out. Humankind has long been faced with the important task of developing efficient ways to use solar energy, and important steps in this direction have already been taken. Many countries operate solar power plants, and solar panels are used for individual needs.

Structure and principle of operation of solar panels

Solar or, as they are also called, photovoltaic panels - special equipment with which it is possible to obtain energy for the domestic needs of a private or multi-family house. On an industrial scale, a lot of modules assemble huge complexes, partially or completely providing electricity to large facilities and settlements.

Solar panels include:

• solar panel;
• battery;
• charge control device;
• DC to AC inverter.

The sun's energy is converted into electrical energy through photovoltaic converters. The components include monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon, a rather expensive material, which is why the panels are not cheap.

The intensity of the radiation and the surface area of the cells determine the output current. In bright sunlight, more current is produced, and in cloudy weather this figure decreases. Energy is stored in the batteries, and in low light their charge decreases.

The battery is connected to the battery through a controller, which regulates the process of charging and recharging. Another function of it is to reduce the intensity of the charge when it reaches 90%, which happens in good light. Reaching full capacity is done at a slower rate. Excess power is absorbed by a resistor.

Advantages of solar panels

Solar panels are expensive equipment, but this disadvantage makes up for a number of advantages, including:

• Cost-effectiveness;
• environmental friendliness;
• universal use.

When properly operated, the panels last a long time, and over time pay for itself. When using this equipment, there are no harmful emissions at all, which cannot be said about gas and coal. When they burn, they emit greenhouse gases and many toxic components, polluting the environment.

Electricity is always needed where people live or work, but, unfortunately, in remote areas there are often no fixed networks. To help in such cases, solar panels will come to the rescue. The main condition is a large number of cloudless days per year and a long daylight hours.

Features of the installation of solar panels

For the installation of solar station modules, the southern side of the roof is best suited. Special mounting structures are used for mounting. It is important to ensure that the equipment does not fall into the shadow of tall trees or other structures.

Shading even a small part will lead to a drop in the overall voltage. In desperate situations, it is necessary to use MPPT trackers - devices to increase the efficiency of the solar panel.

It is desirable that the angle of the panels can be adjusted. If this is not possible, the cells are installed 33-34 ° relative to the ground, but not the roof. Too steep or flat roof does not allow to do this, so use additional frame.