Network switch: what it is, types, uses

A network switch is called a switch. This device combines several computers and other electronics into one network. Through it, devices communicate with each other. Let's look at how network switches work, their types and applications.

A network switch works differently depending on whether or not the Mac addresses of all devices connected to the network are in the table that guides it:

• If all Mac addresses are listed, the network switch determines the sender's address and matches it to the list data, determines where the files need to be sent, and performs the task. Other devices connected to the Network do not participate in the data transfer unless it is intended for them.
• If the Mac addresses of some connected devices are not in the table, the switch sends the data to all connected devices. When the file reaches the recipient, the switch will enter its Mac address into the table.

Network switches can transmit data in three modes:

• Cut-Through or end-to-end mode. Switch receives data and transmits it immediately to the device. Transmission speed is very fast, but there is a risk of errors because the files are not checked in any way.
• Store and Forward. Before sending files to a device the switch checks them for errors and sends those which have no errors. This increases data quality, but decreases the transmission speed.
• Fragment-Free - A mode where the switch checks only the first 64 bytes and sends files to the device. This increases the translation speed and eliminates the delivery of badly damaged files.

For a small office, budget network switches are the ideal solution. It is good if such models have no fans, and the system greatly improves network performance. No special configuration is required, automatic operation - even a novice can figure it out.

Network Switch Types

Network switches are classified into levels depending on the functionality and method of data transmission:

• Unmanaged switches (Layer 2) - without management and configuration tools, support a different number of ports and are ready to work «out of the box».
• SMART switches (Layer 2+) - the device can be controlled via the WEB-interface, which is accessed via a browser.
• Managed network switches (Layer 3) - perform static routing, monitor network faults, delays and translate logical addresses physically.
• Stackable Switches - Managed devices that connect multiple switches into one to increase the number of ports and provide unified management. A set of switches will have a common Mac and IP address.

Some features of network switches:

• Network switches come in 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps data rates.
• Network switches differ in the number of ports, which can be from 4 to 48. The most popular switches have 8, 16, 24 and 48 ports. For the home it is sufficient to have 4-8 ports, while 24 to 48 ports are usually chosen for the office.
• Most models have an Ethernet port.
• PoE support is an option to power devices via an Ethernet port at the same time as transmitting data.

Network Switch Applications

Unmanaged network switches are used to organize uncomplicated networks. They can support an advanced infrastructure in an enterprise with 100 local clients. They are installed in local networks, such as video surveillance network with access rights for a limited number of users - administrator and security representative.

Managed switches are used in the organization of networks with a complex structure. They have many additional features, including traffic segmentation and control, limitation of the number of addresses to be studied or the speed on the ports, etc.